The primary goal of the 2008 Summit is to continue the important ongoing dialogue about the appropriate role and structure of pay for performance in both the private and public sectors. This includes exploring key policy issues and practical challenges for implementing pay for performance, its potential to achieve meaningful improvements in healthcare access, quality and efficiency, and its influence on payment reform and value-based purchasing. These are relevant, dynamic topics in light of new and proposed health care reforms, increased engagement in pay for performance by Medicare and Medicaid, new research, and findings from the practical experiences of pay for performance programs both nationally and internationally.